Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Senyawa 4-Amino-3-nitrophenol (C6H6N2O3) merupakan senyawa yang digunakan sebagai pewarna rambut oksidatif. Senyawa ini merupakan isomer posisi dari senyawa 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol dan 2-Amino-5-nitrophenol. Ketiga senyawa tersebut memiliki persyaratan yang berbeda. kadar maksimum senyawa 4-Amino-3-nitrophenol (C6H6N2O3) di dalam pewarna rambut oksidatif adalah 1,5% setelah dicampurkan dengan bahan pengoksidasi. Sedangkan 2 senyawa lainnya merupakan senyawa yang dilarang digunakan dalam kosmetik. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu metode analisis penetapan kadar 4-Amino-3-nitrophenol (4,3-ANP) yang valid dan dapat dibedakan dari kedua isomer lainnya, dengan resolusi lebih dari 1.5 sehingga tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Metodologi yang dikembangkan adalah secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi Detektor Photo Diode Array menggunakan kolom oktadesilsilana C18 X-Bridge (250 x 4,6 mm) dengan ukuran partikel 5 mm. Fase gerak yang digunakan adalah sistem elusi isokratik berupa campuran Asetonitril dan larutan dapar asetat 0,05 M pH 5.9 dengan komposisi 20:80. Laju alir 1,0 ml/menit, dengan suhu kolom 40°C, volume penyuntikan 20 µl dan dideteksi pada panjang gelombang 230 nm. Metode Analisis Penetapan kadar 4,3-ANP memberikan hasil validasi spesifik/selektif terhadap kedua isomer 2,4-ANP dan 2,5-ANP serta pengawet metil paraben dengan waktu retensi berturut turut 5.609; 6.200; 6.895 dan 10.8 menit, menghasilkan data yang linier dengan koefisien korelasi 1.0, presisi pada kadar 3,68µg/ml; 14,70 µg/ml dan 18,38 µg/ml memberikan %RSD berturut turut 0.59; 1.92 dan 0.68. Akurasi pada kadar 3,68µg/ml; 14,70 µg/ml dan 18,38 µg/ml memberikan rentang % recovery berturut turut 100.17-100.91; 99.06-100.39 dan 100.38-101.05. Sedangkan batas kuantitasi adalah 0.07%. Metode Analisis penetapan kadar 4,3-ANP ini terbukti selektif dan menghasilkan data validasi yang memenuhi persyaratan selektifitas, linieritas, presisi, akurasi dan batas kuantitasi.
Kata Kunci
Rincian Artikel
Referensi
- BPOM RI. (2022). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 23 Tahun 2019 Tentang Persyaratan Teknis Bahan Kosmetika Dengan. Bpom RI, 11, 1–16.
- Burnett, C. L., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Klaassen, C. D., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., & Alan Andersen, F. (2009). Final report on the safety assessment of amino nitrophenols as used in hair dyes. International Journal of Toxicology, 28(6 Suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581809354651
- da França, S. A., Dario, M. F., Esteves, V. B., Baby, A. R., & Velasco, M. V. R. (2015). Types of hair dye and their mechanisms of action. Cosmetics, 2(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2020110
- da Silva Guedes, J., & da Silva Guedes, M. L. (2006). Quantificação do indicador de Nelson de Moraes (curva de mortalidade proporcional). Revista de Saude Publica, 40(6), 951–961. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102006000700002
- Fiorelia, N. E., Wibowo, A. D., Lae, N. L., Ang, A., & Krisbianto, O. (2022). Types of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Columns: A Review. FoodTech: Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.26418/jft.v5i1.57334
- Hadizadeh, M. (2017). Review on the Types of Hair Colorant , Structure and their Characteristics. August.
- He, L., Michailidou, F., Gahlon, H. L., & Zeng, W. (2022). Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing [Review-article]. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 35(6), 901–915. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00427
- Hedberg, Y. S., Uter, W., Banerjee, P., Lind, M. L., Skovvang Steengaard, S., Teo, Y., & Lidén, C. (2018). Non-oxidative hair dye products on the European market: What do they contain? Contact Dermatitis, 79(5), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13074
- Indrayanto, G. (2018). Validation of Chromatographic Methods of Analysis: Application for Drugs That Derived From Herbs. In Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology (1st ed., Vol. 43). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.01.003
- Kplan, Alevcan Celokogu, U. (2020). Middle East Journal of Science. Middle East Journal of Science, 6(2), 57–67.
- Menditto, A., Patriarca, M., & Magnusson, B. (2007). Understanding the meaning of accuracy, trueness and precision. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 12(1), 45–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-006-0191-z
- Method, S., Requirements, P., Method, S., Requirements, P., & Guide, E. (2023). Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197610145.005.006
- Mitsui, T. (1997). New Cosmetc Science. First Edition. Elsevier Science B.V., 13–21.
- Mukhtorov, L., Pestsov, G., Nikishina, M., Ivanova, E., Atroshchenko, Y., & Perelomov, L. (2019). Fungicidal Properties of 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol and Its Derivatives. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 102(6), 880–886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02602-4
- Palaniappan, V., Karthikeyan, K., & Anusuya, S. (2023). Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 0(December), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.25259/ijdvl_745_2022
- Patel, D., Narayana, S., & Krishnaswamy, B. (2013). Trends in use of hair Dye: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Trichology, 5(3), 140–143. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.125610
- Procedures, T. of A. (2014). <1225> Validation of Compendial Procedures. United States Pharmacopeia 37 - National Formulary 32, c, 1640–1646.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). A commitment to quality and continuous improvement. In Unodc.
- Yuwono, M., & Indrayanto, G. (2005). Validation of Chromatographic Methods of Analysis. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, 32(05), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-5428(05)32009-0
- Zhong, Z., Li, G., Wu, R., Zhu, B., & Luo, Z. (2014). Determination of aminophenols and phenol in hair colorants by ultrasound-assisted solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with ion chromatography. Journal of Separation Science, 37(16), 2208–2214. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201301252
Referensi
BPOM RI. (2022). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 Tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Badan Pengawas Obat Dan Makanan Nomor 23 Tahun 2019 Tentang Persyaratan Teknis Bahan Kosmetika Dengan. Bpom RI, 11, 1–16.
Burnett, C. L., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Klaassen, C. D., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., & Alan Andersen, F. (2009). Final report on the safety assessment of amino nitrophenols as used in hair dyes. International Journal of Toxicology, 28(6 Suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581809354651
da França, S. A., Dario, M. F., Esteves, V. B., Baby, A. R., & Velasco, M. V. R. (2015). Types of hair dye and their mechanisms of action. Cosmetics, 2(2), 110–126. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2020110
da Silva Guedes, J., & da Silva Guedes, M. L. (2006). Quantificação do indicador de Nelson de Moraes (curva de mortalidade proporcional). Revista de Saude Publica, 40(6), 951–961. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102006000700002
Fiorelia, N. E., Wibowo, A. D., Lae, N. L., Ang, A., & Krisbianto, O. (2022). Types of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Columns: A Review. FoodTech: Jurnal Teknologi Pangan, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.26418/jft.v5i1.57334
Hadizadeh, M. (2017). Review on the Types of Hair Colorant , Structure and their Characteristics. August.
He, L., Michailidou, F., Gahlon, H. L., & Zeng, W. (2022). Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing [Review-article]. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 35(6), 901–915. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00427
Hedberg, Y. S., Uter, W., Banerjee, P., Lind, M. L., Skovvang Steengaard, S., Teo, Y., & Lidén, C. (2018). Non-oxidative hair dye products on the European market: What do they contain? Contact Dermatitis, 79(5), 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13074
Indrayanto, G. (2018). Validation of Chromatographic Methods of Analysis: Application for Drugs That Derived From Herbs. In Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology (1st ed., Vol. 43). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.podrm.2018.01.003
Kplan, Alevcan Celokogu, U. (2020). Middle East Journal of Science. Middle East Journal of Science, 6(2), 57–67.
Menditto, A., Patriarca, M., & Magnusson, B. (2007). Understanding the meaning of accuracy, trueness and precision. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 12(1), 45–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-006-0191-z
Method, S., Requirements, P., Method, S., Requirements, P., & Guide, E. (2023). Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197610145.005.006
Mitsui, T. (1997). New Cosmetc Science. First Edition. Elsevier Science B.V., 13–21.
Mukhtorov, L., Pestsov, G., Nikishina, M., Ivanova, E., Atroshchenko, Y., & Perelomov, L. (2019). Fungicidal Properties of 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol and Its Derivatives. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 102(6), 880–886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02602-4
Palaniappan, V., Karthikeyan, K., & Anusuya, S. (2023). Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 0(December), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.25259/ijdvl_745_2022
Patel, D., Narayana, S., & Krishnaswamy, B. (2013). Trends in use of hair Dye: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Trichology, 5(3), 140–143. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-7753.125610
Procedures, T. of A. (2014). <1225> Validation of Compendial Procedures. United States Pharmacopeia 37 - National Formulary 32, c, 1640–1646.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). A commitment to quality and continuous improvement. In Unodc.
Yuwono, M., & Indrayanto, G. (2005). Validation of Chromatographic Methods of Analysis. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, 32(05), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-5428(05)32009-0
Zhong, Z., Li, G., Wu, R., Zhu, B., & Luo, Z. (2014). Determination of aminophenols and phenol in hair colorants by ultrasound-assisted solid-phase dispersion extraction coupled with ion chromatography. Journal of Separation Science, 37(16), 2208–2214. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201301252