Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Kontaminasi Salmonella spp. pada pakan hewan merupakan tantangan bagi industri pakan komersial dan juga laboratorium hewan uji. Salmonella dapat menyebabkan penyakit salmonellosis pada hewan uji dengan tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan. Penularan penyakit ini kepada manusia dapat terjadi melalui kontak langsung dengan pakan yang terkontaminasi atau melalui hewan terinfeksi yang menularkan Salmonella pada pangan manusia dan sumber air. Pakan hewan merupakan sumber utama penularan Salmonella pada hewan. Karena menyebabkan kerugian yang besar akibat angka mortalitas yang tinggi, metode deteksi Salmonella spp. yang cepat dan akurat diperlukan untuk pemantauan kualitas pakan hewan. Metode deteksi Salmonella yang akurat dan cepat diperlukan dalam pemantauan kualitas pakan hewan. Metode standar untuk deteksi Salmonella pada pakan mengacu pada ISO 6579 yaitu menggunakan metode kultur. Metode kultur membutuhkan waktu pengujian sekitar 5-7 hari, sehingga diperlukan metode alternatif yang memberikan hasil valid dalam waktu lebih singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memverifikasi metode alternatif untuk deteksi Salmonella pada pakan menggunakan metode Loop Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) dan Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR). Deteksi Salmonella telah dilakukan pada pakan mencit dan kelinci berbentuk pelet yang dicemari dengan Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 pada tiga tingkat konsentrasi, yaitu ±1, ±3, dan ±9 cfu per porsi uji (25 gram sampel). Nilai rentang e-LOD antara metode LAMP dan Real-time PCR dibandingkan dengan metode kultur, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Metode deteksi Salmonella menggunakan LAMP dan Real-time PCR menunjukan nilai e-LOD50 sebesar 0,62 cfu/porsi uji pada pakan mencit dan e-LOD50 sebesar 0,37 cfu/porsi uji pada pakan kelinci. Nilai e-LOD ini sama dengan e-LOD metode kultur. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh laboratorium terkait dalam pemantauan kualitas pakan hewan.
Kata Kunci
Rincian Artikel

Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Referensi
- Ahaduzzaman, Md., Groves, P.J., Walkden-Brown, S.W., & Gerber P.F. 2021. A molecular based method for rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry. Elsevier BV
- AOAC INTERNATIONAL.2019. AOAC Official Method 2016.01 Salmonella spp. in Select Foods and Environmental Surfaces. Available on http://www.eoma.aoac.org/.
- AOAC INTERNATIONAL.2021. AOAC Performance Test Certificate number 010803 IQ-Check Salmonella II Real-Time PCR.
- Billah, M..M., & Rahman M.D. (2024). Salmonella in the environment: A review on ecology, antimicrobial resistance, seafood contaminations, and human health implications. Journal of Hazardous Material Advances, 13(2024:100407)
- Demirbilek, S. K. (2018). Salmonellosis in Animals. In Salmonella - A Re-emerging Pathogen. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72192.
- Domesle, K. J., Young, S. R., & Ge, B. (2021). Rapid screening for salmonella in raw pet food by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Journal of Food Protection, 84(3), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-365.
- Eng, S. K., Pusparajah, P., Ab Mutalib, N. S., Ser, H. L., Chan, K. G., & Lee, L. H. (2015). Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. Frontiers in Life Science, 8(3), 284–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243.
- ISO 16140-3:2021. (2021). Microbiology of the food chain – method validation – Part 3: Protocol for the verification of reference methods and validated alternative methods in a single laboratory. https://committee.iso.org/home/tc34sc9.
- ISO 6579-1:2017. (2017). Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for detecting, enumeration and serotyping Salmonella. www.iso.org.
- Meerburg, B. G., & Kijlstra, A. (2007). Role of rodents in transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter. In Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (Vol. 87, Issue 15, pp. 2774–2781). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3004.
- Oludairo, O. O., Kwaga, J. K. P., Kabir, J., Abdu, P. A., Gitanjali, A., Perrets, A., Cibin, V., Lettini, A. A., & Aiyedun, J. O. (2023). Ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella spp. isolated from the environment and the roles played by wild animals in their maintenance. In International Journal of One Health (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 1–9). Veterinary World. https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2023.1-9.
- Pal, M., Kandi, V., Mesfen Teashal, B., Gizaw, F., & Alemayehu, G. (2020). Animals and Food of Animal Origin as a Potential Source of Salmonellosis: A Review of the Epidemiology, Laboratory Diagnosis, Economic Impact and Public Health Significance. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 8(2), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-8-2-2.
- Rovid Spickler, A., & Leedom Larson, K. (2005). Salmonellosis. www.cfsph.iastate.edu.
- Sargeant, J. M., Totton, S. C., Plishka, M., & Vriezen, E. R. (2021). Salmonella in Animal Feeds: A Scoping Review. In Frontiers in Veterinary Science (Vol. 8). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.727495.
- Yang, Q., Domesle, K. J., & Ge, B. (2018). Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Salmonella Detection in Food and Feed: Current Applications and Future Directions. In Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (Vol. 15, Issue 6, pp. 309–331). Mary Ann Liebert Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2445.
- Zghair, Z. R. (2012). Histopathological study of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in laboratory mice by using the light and electron microscope. Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences, 3(1), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2012/v3i14071
Referensi
Ahaduzzaman, Md., Groves, P.J., Walkden-Brown, S.W., & Gerber P.F. 2021. A molecular based method for rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry. Elsevier BV
AOAC INTERNATIONAL.2019. AOAC Official Method 2016.01 Salmonella spp. in Select Foods and Environmental Surfaces. Available on http://www.eoma.aoac.org/.
AOAC INTERNATIONAL.2021. AOAC Performance Test Certificate number 010803 IQ-Check Salmonella II Real-Time PCR.
Billah, M..M., & Rahman M.D. (2024). Salmonella in the environment: A review on ecology, antimicrobial resistance, seafood contaminations, and human health implications. Journal of Hazardous Material Advances, 13(2024:100407)
Demirbilek, S. K. (2018). Salmonellosis in Animals. In Salmonella - A Re-emerging Pathogen. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72192.
Domesle, K. J., Young, S. R., & Ge, B. (2021). Rapid screening for salmonella in raw pet food by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Journal of Food Protection, 84(3), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-365.
Eng, S. K., Pusparajah, P., Ab Mutalib, N. S., Ser, H. L., Chan, K. G., & Lee, L. H. (2015). Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. Frontiers in Life Science, 8(3), 284–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243.
ISO 16140-3:2021. (2021). Microbiology of the food chain – method validation – Part 3: Protocol for the verification of reference methods and validated alternative methods in a single laboratory. https://committee.iso.org/home/tc34sc9.
ISO 6579-1:2017. (2017). Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for detecting, enumeration and serotyping Salmonella. www.iso.org.
Meerburg, B. G., & Kijlstra, A. (2007). Role of rodents in transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter. In Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (Vol. 87, Issue 15, pp. 2774–2781). https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.3004.
Oludairo, O. O., Kwaga, J. K. P., Kabir, J., Abdu, P. A., Gitanjali, A., Perrets, A., Cibin, V., Lettini, A. A., & Aiyedun, J. O. (2023). Ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella spp. isolated from the environment and the roles played by wild animals in their maintenance. In International Journal of One Health (Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 1–9). Veterinary World. https://doi.org/10.14202/IJOH.2023.1-9.
Pal, M., Kandi, V., Mesfen Teashal, B., Gizaw, F., & Alemayehu, G. (2020). Animals and Food of Animal Origin as a Potential Source of Salmonellosis: A Review of the Epidemiology, Laboratory Diagnosis, Economic Impact and Public Health Significance. American Journal of Microbiological Research, 8(2), 48–56. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajmr-8-2-2.
Rovid Spickler, A., & Leedom Larson, K. (2005). Salmonellosis. www.cfsph.iastate.edu.
Sargeant, J. M., Totton, S. C., Plishka, M., & Vriezen, E. R. (2021). Salmonella in Animal Feeds: A Scoping Review. In Frontiers in Veterinary Science (Vol. 8). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.727495.
Yang, Q., Domesle, K. J., & Ge, B. (2018). Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Salmonella Detection in Food and Feed: Current Applications and Future Directions. In Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (Vol. 15, Issue 6, pp. 309–331). Mary Ann Liebert Inc. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2445.
Zghair, Z. R. (2012). Histopathological study of Salmonella Typhimurium infection in laboratory mice by using the light and electron microscope. Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences, 3(1), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2012/v3i14071