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Abstract
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a superior commodity that is in demand by the European Union, and to enter the export market of the European Union, nutmeg commodities must meet several regulations and requirements, which can be grouped into Legal Requirements and Non-Legal Requirements. On April 1, 2020, there was an additional regulation in the form of the maximum level of Ochratoxins A contained in nutmeg that is allowed is 15 g/kg (EUR-Lex, 2020). So far, an assay of ochratoxin A has not been reported for the scope of nutmeg. Ochratoxin A analysis generally applies the AOAC test method ch.49.6.64 (Assessment of ochratoxin levels in barley) and the AOAC test method Ch 49.6.028 (Assessment of ochratoxin A levels in green coffee), but this method is known to be non-specific for nutmeg because of its spectral characteristics. Ochratoxin A in samples. The purpose of this study was to obtain a valid analytical method for determining levels of ochratoxin A in nutmeg seeds so that it can be widely applied as an important step in meeting the requirements of foreign export standards for ochratoxin A-free nutmeg products. The data used is primary data validation of the analytical method using an HPLC fluorescent detector. Samples were extracted using organic solvents, with PBS pH 7.4 dilution passed to the Immuno Affinity Column (IAC) and eluted with acetic acid-methanol (2:98) and water. The validation results showed specific specificity for nutmeg, linearity 0.9998588 and Vxo 1.40%, RSD precision 2.02%, accuracy 84-87% by adding a certain amount of analyte to the sample matrix to obtain recovery, detection limit 1.59 g/kg and the quantitation limit was 5.82 g/kg. This validated analytical method meets the criteria and can be used to determine levels of ochratoxin A in nutmeg seeds.
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References
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- Bustaman, Sjahrul. 2007. “Prospek Dan Strategi Pengembangan Pala Di Maluku.” Prospek Dan Strategi Pengembangan Pala Di Maluku 6(2):68–74.
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- The, Pinion O. F., Anel On, Ontaminants I. N. The, Hain On, A. Request From, T. H. E. Commission, Related To, and I. N. Food. 2006. “O s p c f c A.” 1–56.
- Trucksess, Mary W., Carol M. Weaver, Carolyn J. Oles, Frederick S. Fry, Gregory O. Noonan, Joseph M. Betz, Jeanne I. Rader, L. Carter, L. C. Chiueh, J. Dorner, M. Drifted, D. Hengst, N. Henry, Q. Hu, M. Hurley, M. Iha, B. Kellher, K. Kroeger, B. Lei, S. MacDonald, H. Mai, B. Malone, J. Maurer, and L. Phawanat. 2008. “Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 and Ochratoxin a in Ginseng and Ginger by Multitoxin Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Liquid Chromatographic Quantitation: Collaborative Study.” Journal of AOAC International 91(3):511–23. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/91.3.511.
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References
Aini, Nurul. 2012. “Aflatoksin: Cemaran Dan Metode Analisisnya Dalam Makanan.” Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia 2(2):54–61.
Bustaman, Sjahrul. 2007. “Prospek Dan Strategi Pengembangan Pala Di Maluku.” Prospek Dan Strategi Pengembangan Pala Di Maluku 6(2):68–74.
Desa, D. I., Hila Kecamatan, Leitimur Selatan, Maluku Tengah, Program Studi, Teknologi Hasil, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pattimura, and Ambon Jl. 2023. “Penyuluhan Proses Pasca Panen Pala Kepada Petani Pala Counseling On The Post Harvest Process Of Nutmeg To Nutmeg Farmers In Hila Village , Leitimur South Sub- District , Central Maluku District , Maluku.” 3(1):36–43.
Dhurhania. 2012. “Penetapan Kadar Metilparaben Dan Propilparaben Dalam Hand and Body Lotion Secara High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Mehylparaben and Propylparaben in Hand and Body Lotion by High Performance Liquid.” 1(1):38–47.
Iha, M. H., Rodrigues, M. L., & Trucksess, M. W. (2021). Multitoxin immunoaffinity analysis of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in spices. Journal of Food Safety, 41(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12921
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2020, Farmakope Indonesia Edisi VI, Jakarta
Mair, C., Norris, M., Donnelly, C., Leeman, D.,Brown, P., Marley, E., Milligan, C., & Mackay, N. (2021). Assessment of citrinin in spices and infant cereals using immunoaffinity column clean-up with hplc-fluorescence detection. Toxins 13(10),
Maryam, R., P. M. Widiyanti, F. Ramadhani, and H. Munawar. 2020. “Homogenitas Dan Stabilitas Kit ELISA OTA, Serta Aplikasinya Untuk Mendeteksi Okratoksin A Pada Pakan Unggas (Homogeneity and Stability of OTA ELISA Kit and Its Application for Ochratoxin A Detection in Poultry Feed).” Pros.Semnas.TPV 664–76.
Skarkova, Jarmila, Vladimir Ostry, Frantisek Malir, and Tomas Roubal. 2013. “Determination of Ochratoxin A in Food by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.” Analytical Letters 46(10):1495–1504. doi: 10.1080/00032719.2013.771266.
Thangaselvabai, T., and K. R. Sudha. 2011. “Nutmeg ( Myristica Fragrans Houtt ) – the Twin Spice – a Review.” 32(4):283–93.
The, Pinion O. F., Anel On, Ontaminants I. N. The, Hain On, A. Request From, T. H. E. Commission, Related To, and I. N. Food. 2006. “O s p c f c A.” 1–56.
Trucksess, Mary W., Carol M. Weaver, Carolyn J. Oles, Frederick S. Fry, Gregory O. Noonan, Joseph M. Betz, Jeanne I. Rader, L. Carter, L. C. Chiueh, J. Dorner, M. Drifted, D. Hengst, N. Henry, Q. Hu, M. Hurley, M. Iha, B. Kellher, K. Kroeger, B. Lei, S. MacDonald, H. Mai, B. Malone, J. Maurer, and L. Phawanat. 2008. “Determination of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 and Ochratoxin a in Ginseng and Ginger by Multitoxin Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Liquid Chromatographic Quantitation: Collaborative Study.” Journal of AOAC International 91(3):511–23. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/91.3.511.
Wahyuni, S. 2016. Pemuliaan Pala: Sejarah, Sosial Ekonomi, dan Prospek. Pengembangan. Penerbit IAARD Press, p. 50-57
William, H., Jr George W.L., 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18 th edition. USA. AOAC International. Ch.49 p 58-68.